Equestrian Sport

Equestrian Sport

               Equetrian is more than a sport, it helps us tone muscles, maintain correct posture and is a good cardiovascular exercise. In addition, it is ideal to clear the mind with great psychological benefits. You could say that horse riding is the most complete sport that exists next to swimming. It helps us tone muscles like the abdominals, buttocks, legs or back. In addition, the rider improves his balance, posture and mobility. When a person practices riding, he maintains a good body posture and this avoids possible injuries in the future.

               It is one of the most traditional Olympic sports, with participation in almost all editions 

of the Olympic Games. At the moment three equestrian disciplines are part of the Olympic Games:

training, equestrian jump and complete competition.In the three they participate individually and by teams.

It is the only sport in which men and women compete together. 

               The Spanish medalists are four: one gold, two silvers and one bronze. 

·       José Navarro, José Álvarez and Julio García with gold in jumps by teams in Amsterdam 1928. 

·       Jaime García, José Navarro and Marcelino Gavilán with silver in jumps by teams London 1948.

·       Beatriz Ferrer-Salat with bronze in taming Athens 2004. 

·       Beatriz Ferrer-Salat, Rafael Soto and Juan Antonio Jiménez

         with silver in dressage by teams Athens 2004.  

               The Spanish participants in the Olympic Games at Rio 2016 were: 

·       Borja Carrascosa in Doma 

·       Eduardo Álvarez in Saltos 

·       Albert Hermoso in full competition 

·       José Daniel Martín in Doma  

·       Manuel Fernández in Saltos 

·       Sergio Álvarez in Saltos  

·       Severo Jurado in Saltos

Street art :Silvestre Pejac

Power Point

Click in Power Point, and you open this work of Silvestre Pejac.

Egg Tempera

Egg tempera is known for its linear qualities and capacity to produce jewel-like paintings.

After, its peak during the Renaissance, egg tempera fell out of favor with the rise of the more versatile oil paints. However, a few modern painters have embraced the medium, adopting the labor-intensive practice of creating both the paints and the panels.

Egg tempera is a classic painting technique, tracing back to antiquity. Egg tempera is composed of ground pigment, water, and egg yolk. With the egg yolk the dimensionality is achieved.

                                                   What is Egg Tempera?

Egg tempera is composed of egg yolk, powdered pigment, and distilled water. The egg yolk serves as the binder that holds the pigment together. The addition of water turns the paint into a usable paste-like form.

Although egg tempera can be purchased commercially, most egg tempera artists prefer the purity of creating their own paints. It is a relatively easy process. However, homemade egg tempera can only be used for a single painting session.

Steps to create your own egg tempera paints:

A.    Roll the separated egg yolk on a paper towel.

B.    Break the yolk sac with a pin.

C.   Mix the contents of the yolk sac with ½ -1 tsp. of water and stir.

D.   Add water to the dry pigment to create a creamy paste. Add a drop of denatured alcohol to disperse the pigment

E.    The pigment is now a paste

F.     Add an equal amount of egg yolk to the pigment paste.

It is important to use only the egg yolk, minus the sac and egg white. Albumen, the protein found in egg white, prevents the paint from adhering well to the panel surface.

The goal when mixing egg tempera is to add just the right amount of egg yolk. When the right amount is used, the paint will dry to a slightly glossy finish. Too much egg yolk will make the paint appear greasy, and too little will make the paint appear chalky.

                                               Egg Tempera Supplies:

·      Dry pigments

·      Drafting tape

·      Measuring spoons

·      Soft-hair brushes

·      Wáter

·      Mixing cups

·      Gesseoed panels

·      egg

·      palette knife

·      sponge

·      fine sandpaper

·      India ink

·      a gesso mixture

·      a pencil

·      a couple of clean jars for water

·      a roll of paper towels 

                                               Preparing the Support

Before painting, a wooden support is prepared. The support must be absorbent so that the egg tempera can properly adhere to the surface.

The artist first creates a rabbit skin glue. Rabbit skin or hide gelatin is mixed with water, allowed to sit overnight, then slowly heated. The heated glue is then applied thinly to the front, back and sides of the panel and allowed to dry for 24 hours.

The next step is to apply a heated gesso mixture. To make the gesso mixture, precipitated chalk, whiting, and titanium white are mixed together with the rabbit skin glue water, which serves as an aqueous binder.

An artist can take a shortcut by using a product such as Fredrix Dry Gesso Mix,” in which the ingredients are already pre-mixed, and the artist only needs to add water.

The mixture is gently heated until the gesso has a cream-like texture. Four to six coats are applied and then the panel is allowed to dry for another 24 hours. Once dry, the panel can be sanded.

                                              Transferring the Image

Many artists draw directly on their panels, while others transfer their images onto panels using graphite paper or tracing paper. The first step is to draw a light sketch.

                                                     Adding Values

Five different values from light to dark are created by adding one drop of India ink into a mixing cup, adding two drops in another cup, and so forth, each time adding more drops into a new receptacle until five drops are added. The darkest ink mixtures are reserved for the darkest values in the underlying pencil drawing

                                              Applying the Paint

The first applications of paint on the inked surface are applied thinly and loosely. Egg tempera dries very quickly, so the painting must be worked section by section. To create the underpainting, the darker areas are first blocked in. The lighter the color, the more opaque it will appear.

Blending with egg tempera is not achieved in the same manner as oil or acrylic painting. The paint values must be “blended” by overlays of linear strokes. To create a sense of depth, warm colors can be glazed over cool colors and cool colors can be glazed over warm colors.

Steps for painting petals:

A.    Draw with a 8H pencil on gesso. 

B.    Ink over the drawing in corresponding values. 

C.   Apply thin glazes of ultramarine blue and vermillion, plus black in dark areas. 

D.   Applying different gradations of cadmium yellow, yellow ochre, and white.

E.    Add darker lines of violet and vermillion to form curve of the petal, and white to highlight the base and sides of the petal.

Painting with Egg Tempera

With egg tempera painting, small strokes of thinned color are applied almost in the manner that one handles a colored pencil. When thinning the tempered paint with more wáter. It is important to wipe the excess pigment on the brush. Egg tempera is never applied heavily, as that would cause the paint to crack and flake off.

Glazing & Opacity

Glazing is one of the techniques used when painting with egg tempera. To create a glaze, thin, broad strokes of color are placed on top of another color. The resulting effect is similar to that of watercolors and creates a jewel-like appearance.

Through various techniques, egg tempera can achieve opacity, translucency, and opalescence. To create translucency, a dark glaze is applied over a lighter color or value. Opalescence is produced by placing a lighter color over a darker one. 

Masking

In this painting, a tracing paper mask was used to protect the foreground flower arrangement in the vase, as well as the tablecloth. The darker colors in the background were laid in thinly and broadly with a hake brush. Later, smaller strokes of white with yellow ochre were applied to bring up the lighter color and value.

 Lights and Darks

Egg tempera dries quickly, making it difficult to blend edges. The different values of color must be mixed and applied near or on top of one another to create transitions in hue or value. The edges of different values can be “blended” by glazing or using linear strokes of color over an edge. Fine details can be added with a liner brush or brush sizes (0 -1). The fine lines can help delineate an object and also create areas of light values.

Finishing an Egg Tempera Painting

Egg tempera paintings take approximately six months to one year to dry completely. Egg tempera paintings are usually not varnished. Varnish would drastically alter the appearance of the tempera painting. Some tempera painters frame their paintings by placing them under glass.

Cadmiun yellow / red

The range of cadmium pigments, yellow, orange, red are basically cadmium yellow with some selenium added in place of sulfur. Therefore cadmium sulfide can be made in various shades ranging from yellow, orange to red. The pigment was used sparingly due to the scarcity of cadmium metal and therefore because was more expansive. The name "Cadmium yellow/red" comes from The name "Cadmium" comes from Latin cadmia = zinc ore calamine, from Greek kadmeia = Cadmean earth, first found near Thebes, city founded by the Phoenician prince Cadmus.The origin is artificial.

One picture with this pigment is The Red Studio of Henri Matisse Matisse was much taken with this strong new red, which has excellent stability.

This pigment was born in 1970 and we use them for many things.











One picture with this pigment is The Red Studio of Henri Matisse Matisse was much taken with this strong new red, which has excellent stability.

This pigment was born in 1970 and we use them for many things.

Pointillism

         Pointillism consits of the aplication and grouping of small ink dots to form an image. With this technique of pointillism, the drawing is formed from points and not lines. You can play with the size of the point between them to archieve a variety of tones. The French àinter George Seurat ( 1859-1891) is generally considered the father of pointillism. Seurat is know for inovating with this technique in modert art,  with which he gave way neo-impressionist movement.  Seurat founded the Society of Independent Artist in 1884,  along with other artist such as Maximilien Luce (printer, painter and French anarchist).He met another key figure of pointillism, the French neo-impressionist painter , Paul Signac (1863-1935), with whom he developed th etechnique in all its form. Same time later,  he devoted two yearsto his wellknow masterpiece: Un diamanche aprèsmedi á I ´ll de la Grande Jatte and Jeune femme se poundrant (1890) (A young woman putting on wake up ) Georges Seurat strongly attached himself to the ``scincefic approach ´´ of colour theorist ,  as he belive that a painter could use tones to create harmony and emotion. According to Seurat , knowing the laws of perceptionand optics would make it easier to create a new lenguaje of art . For Seurat in a world the joy was obtain if they dominated luminuos tones, warm colours and ascendenting lines. The calm was represtated thanks to balance between shades of light and horizontal strokes. Finally, the sadness was forget with dark tones , cold and somber colours, and descendenting lines. The term ``pointillism´´was coined by art critics with the intention of ridiiculing the works of these artist. Other aspects for the term such as ``neo-impressionism´´or ``divisionism ´´ generally describe this same technique that is based on th eability of the viewer unclear to merge the strokes into a full range of colours. This task that used to be of teh artist become the responsability of the spectator , which resulted in amore inclusive public for th ework. Currently, there are aspects of pointillism. The work of the French illustraitor Xavier Casalta (1993) is made with a black 0,10 millimeters Isograph pencil. Inspired by pointillism and callygraphy , he drew point of differents sizes to torm letters , shadows and gradients ; related to specific style of the brush used apply the paint.




                                           

How I doing a star endwined

1. I do a star in a regualar polygon
2. I catch the vertices a joing to the center of the polygon
3. In all the vertices I catch one distance with the compass
4. I do a other star  in the first star
5. Know you have the star endwined
 

 

 

Vocabulary 2 Art

•  Types of polygons (I can do):
• Triangle (3 vertices)
• Square (4 vertices)
• Pentagon (5 vertices)
• Hexagon (6 vertices)
• Heptagon (7 vertices)
• Octogon (8 vertices)
• Dodecagon (12 vertices)
• The star polygon:
• The star polygon you get joing in a constant and non-consecutive way ,the vertices from the regular polygons .According to the number of vertices that the no star polygon,we can get any ,one  or some  starts .There are star polygons what called false star.
• Types of star :
• Pentagon star :
• 1 step
• Hexagon star:
• 1 step
• Heptagon star:
• 1 step 
• 2 step
• Octogon star:
• 1 step
• 2 step
• Dodecagon star:
• 1 step
• 2 step
• 3 step
• 4 step
• The symmetric :
• Symmetric:
• It´s a quality of some shapes with some of they points are of reflection of other.
• Reflection symmetric :
• It´s a shapes quality which it is formal by 2 halves facing each other with an axis or fold lines a between as if both were miirror images of each.
• Symmetry axis:
• This lines which a shapes into two stmmetry halves .Every element of the shapes is reflecting on the other side.
• Geometric symmetry :
• It is a kind of symmetry with follow accuralety the geometric symmetry  rules.

• Central symmetry:
• It ´s the reflection of an object throw apoint called the symmetry center.
• Apparent symmetry :
• It´s the quality of shapes or object which show an obvius symmetry but not every point or element follows accuralety the geometric symmetry rules.
• Basic elements of visual presentacion:
• The dot:
• It´s the smallest and most simple element in art expression .It is first target is to indicate a position since it doesn´t follow any direction.It may have different qualities such as size, shapes and color. 
• The dot three dimensional capacity:
• When the size, shapes and colours are changed the dots can create visual sensaction of special deepness and volume.
• The dot expensive capacity:
• The point has a unlimeted capacity to represent images and to express ideas and emotions .To do so, visual effects are used
• Optical mix:
• When colours are mixed with the help of distance .Point isn´t mixed on the palette or on the painteng .The optical mix was used first by the pointillist.  
• Some vocabulary about lines:
•  Line:
• It can be defined as a dot in movement . It has position and direction in the space and one of its principal function consits on marking the shapes outline.
• Zig-zag or broken line:
• They are formed by severe fragments of straight lines different direction.
•  Curly line: 
• They hold more curves than wavy lines and show loops
• Scribble :
•  Chaotic meaningless lines than or traced randomly, usually in first strages of chilhood or to fill in some area with a particular texture.
• Definition about the plane or flat shape:
• Plane:
• Also called shapes in visual arts.It could be spot or brushtroke.It is a two-dimensional surface height and width but not depth , it has position and directionon the space.
• The plane three-dimensional capacity:
•  One of the main goals of the plane consits on creating volume when several flat shapes got together in different direction.
• Flat organic shapes:
• They follow natural principles can take countless appearance.
• Flat geometric shapes:
• They follow mathemathical principles. In visual arts there are three main basic geometric shapes:circle, square and a triangle.
• Colour theory:
• Science of colour:
• Color is property of light. Our eyes see only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Colour
• Light-colour:
• Waves
• Infrared 
• Visible spectrum
• Ultraviolet
• Grama rays
• Pigment-colour
• Whell cromatic circle
• Primary colours:
• Yellow
• Magenta
• Cian
• Secondary colours:
• Red-orange
• Green
• Blue-violet
• Terciary colours:
• yellow-Orange
• Magent-Orange
• Purple  
• Cian-Magenta
• Cian-Green
• Yellow-Green

Exercise of the geometry

Complete the following sentences
      1.-I need a compass to draw a perfect circle.
      2.-If you don´t use the set square  you won´t get perfect parallels.
      3.-See my technical drawing !! now I´am going to use instrumental  to draw it more accuralety.
      4.-If you use a pencil , you can use an eraser to delete the lines.
      5.-Have you seen my technical drawing?It is a plan to build a house.

What would you use to draw...:
      1.- Perpendicular lines ? With the set square.
      2.- A set of concenric circles? With the circles.
      3.-A long straight line? With the ruler.
      4.-A circle? With the compass.
      5.-A few paralel lines? With the set square.
      6.-A portrait? With the freehand.
      7.-An arc?  With the technical drawing.
      8.-A landscape? With the ruler.
      9.-Certain angles? With the protactor.
     10.-Copying lengths? With the compass.

Triangles and paralles / Circles Pattern

Circles pattern:
              1.-You do a circunference (with the radius 2,5 or 3 cm) in the middle of the paper with a                 compass                            
              2.-In one point in the circunference  you do an other circunference
              3.-The point where two circunference crossing you doing a other circunference
              4.-So on

                                                

Triangles and paralles:
               1.-In the paper you doing many points
               2.-You join them forming triangles in whole paper
               3.-In all the triangles you doing paralles (that do not match those of the winged)
               4.-Then , you color the paralles lines (you can color them forming a drawing)

Exercise Triangles

A triangule is a polygon shapes consisting ni three line segment linked end-to-end, so it has three vertices.It is a 3 sided closed. The  base can be any of its three sedes, bit it is usually drawn at the bottom. The altitude of a triangule is the distante from the base to the opposite vertex.

Halloween

I want to talk about halloween in England and in Spain:

In England one festival is very popular.It is in 31 of October and it is called Halloween.Children go to many house and say``trick o treat´´.The person that is in the house give sweets.When the person doesn´t give sweets, the children throw toilet paper or eggs. Somethings the people  scary stories. On Halloween It is very popular decorate the house with bats, spiders, snakes, black cats and punkins is the most popular decoration in Halloween.

In Spain Halloween is not as popular as i America but many peple celebrate it in Spain.In Spain when you see a black cat or an owl you have bad luck and when you broke a mirror or when you fall salt.In Spain is very similar to England.When you see a horseshoe and when you crassing fingers you have good luck.the person eat many sweets from the house.The person wear constume and tell scary stories.

Art Vocabulary

• Basic geometry concepts and definitions:
• Geometry:  
• Is the area of knowledge, which studies the elements and operations in the place wich points, shapes and lines.
• Point:
• In the geometry a point can be defined as the place or location where two lines insertect.
• Line:
• Is a object in one-dimension with infinite points.
• Ray:
• Is a line, which begins a particular point.
• End point:
• Is the point of one ray what begin.
• Mid point:
• Is the point what It´s in the centre between of the endpoint and a ray.
• Line segment:  
• It´s a line wich two endpoints.
• Straight line:
• Is a line whose points follow de same direction.
• Plane:
• It´s in two-dimensioin, in the space of the plane what can you definited two pararel lines.
• Lenght:
• Measurent of somenthing from the end to the end.
• Mediatrix:
• Is the line what crossing the middle of the segment.
• Bisectriz:
• Is the line what cossing the middle of an angle 90 degrees
• Geometry drawing and supplies concepts and definitions:
• Freehand:
• Is a type of draw, what you don´t use instrumental of measure.
• Technical drawing:
• Is a type of draw, It´s doing with material, usually It ´s doing with material, usually It is using for the architecture plans.
• Compass:
• It´s a object what It´s using for drawing circles and arcs and aslo for measuring distace between points.
• Protactor:
• It´s a instrumental for measuring or drawing angles on paper.
• Set square:
• They are two special triangular. One called 45º triangle and other It called 60º or 30º triangle.
• Eraser:
• Is a object what It is using for deleting something.
• Marker:
• It´s a object, a pen havig a writing point.
• Ruler:
• It´s a object, It used to draw straight lines. 
•  Important definition about circles
• Circle:
• Set of points at the some mdistance to the centre.'
• Circunference:
• It is the full length of a circle , It is the line around a circle.
• Center:
• It is the point equidistant to any of the points ona circle.
• Radius:
• It is the length of a line segment from the centre to its permetere.
• Diameter:
• It is a line segment pass to thr centre and conect two points of the circle.
• Chord:
• Is the line that conect two points but not throught to the centre.
• Arc:
• Segment of a circle (arch for the architecture).
• Arrow:
• Is the perpendicular line from middle of chord.
• Tangent:
• It is a line that cut (touch) in only one point of a circle.
• Definitions of the polygons
• Start Polygon:
• It is a particular polygon  case with a start from or shapes.
• Inscribe Polygon:
• They are polygons place inside circle so all the vertices of the polygon are placed on the circle
• Circumscribed:
• They are polygon sarrounding a circle , begin it sides tangent
• Classisication:
• Convex Polygon:
• Any line draw through the polygon meet its boundary exactly twice, one line segment with endpoints pass two point of the shapes.
• Non-Convex Polygon:
• There exict a line segment between two boundary points that passes outside the polygon
• Equiangular:
• All them corner , angles or vertices are equal.
• Equilateral:
• All edges or sides are of the same length.
• Regular:
• All their vertices , angles and sides are equal.
• Irregular:
• Show different angles and length for their sides.
•  Definitions and classifications about triangles
• Triangle:
• It is a flat figure with 3 sides and 3 angles
  
• According to the sides:
• Equilateral Triangle:
• Has 3 sides equal (and 3 angles too).
• Isoscelis Triangle:
• Has 2 sides equal (and 2 angles too).
• Scalene Triangle:
• Has 3 sides diferents.
• According to the angles:
• Right Triangle:
• Has 1 angle of 90 º
• Acute Triangle:
• Has 3 angles < 90º
•  Obtuse Triangle:
• Has 1 angle > 90º
• The quadrilateral:
• They are polygons with 4 sides and 4 vertices (angles).
• There are 2 types:
• Parallelograms:
• Square:
• 4 sides parallelograms.
• 4 right angles.
• Rectangle:
• 4 sides parallelograms 2 and 2.
• 4 right angles.
• Rhombus:
• 4 sides parallelograms.
• 2 angles parallelograms 2 and 2.
• Rhomboid:
• 2 sides parallelograms 2 and 2.
• 2 angles parallelograms 2 and 2.
• Non parallelograms:
• Trapezium:
• Right: 
• 2 sides parallelograms.
• 2 angles of 90º.
• Isosceles:
• 2 sides don´t parallelograms.
• 2 sides parallelograms.
• Scalene:
• Sides don´t parallelograms.
• Trapezoids:
• 4 sides don´t  equal.
• 4 angles don´t equal.
• Sides don´t parallelograms.
• Definition the elements of the polygon :
• Sides or edges:
• a line or border at which a surface terminates.
• Aphothem:
• It is a line segment, that a perpendicular from the centre of aregular polygon to of its sides.
• Vertex:
• A point that terminales a line curve or comprises the intersection of two or more lines or curves.
• Center:
• It ´s the middle point , that have equal distant from the center to the vertices or the middle of the sides.
•  Diagonal:
•  It is a straight line what connecting two angles or vertices of a polygon.